1. Download source operanya dari web opera  dengan perinta wget

1. Download source operanya dari web opera    wget http://url/oper.deb

2. Extract dan install File operanya  :

sudo dpgk -i opera_9.02-20060919.6-shared-qt_en_i386.deb

3. Selesai

dan apabila ada pesan seperti di bawah ini

sudo dpkg -i opera_9.02-20060919.6-shared-qt_en_i386.deb
Selecting previously deselected package opera.
(Reading database … 73005 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking opera (from opera_9.02-20060919.6-shared-qt_en_i386.deb) …
dpkg: dependency problems prevent configuration of opera:
opera depends on libqt3-mt (>= 3.3.4); however:
Package libqt3-mt is not installed.
dpkg: error processing opera (–install):
dependency problems – leaving unconfigured
Errors were encountered while processing:
opera
tinggal anda ketikkan di consol  : apt-get install file yang kurang tersebut  seperti

sudo apt-get install libqt3-mt 

This system uses the LAMP install of Ubuntu and Domain Technologies control panel.

Remote access with ssh
Firewall security with Shorelines horewall
DNS Sever: Bind9
FTP server: Pureftp
Mail: Courier POP(s), IMAP(s)
Web mail with Squirrelmail
Mailing lists management with mlmmj
Anti virus and Spam controls with Spam Assassin, Clam AVSPF, Amavis
Web statistics with Webalizerand awstats
Security certificates fromCaCerts
The control panel also features a package installer for ‘one click’ application deployment.
For the future, the control panel supports virtualisation with xen.
Install the Ubuntu LAMP server.

Reconfigure eth0 for a static ip address.

In this example I used 192.168.1.15 as the server ip.

Now for some configuration changes as root.

sudo -i

vi /etc/network/interfaces

#This file describes the network interfaces available on your system
#and how to activate them. For more information, see interfaces(5).
#The loopback network interface
auto lo

iface lo inet loopback

#The primary network interface
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet
   static address
        192.168.1.15
        netmask 255.255.255.0
        network
        192.168.1.0
        broadcast 192.168.1.255
        gateway 192.168.1.1

Turn off IPv6

echo “alias net-pf-10 off” > /etc/modprobe.d/bad_list

reload the network settings

/etc/init.d/networking restart

edit the /etc/hosts file to reflect the new ip.

vi /etc/hosts

127.0.0.1 localhost
192.168.1.15 myhostname.home.net myhostname
#The following lines are desirable for IPv6 capable hosts
::1     ip6-localhost ip6-loopback
fe00::0 ip6-localnet
ff00::0 ip6-mcastprefix
ff02::1 ip6-allnodes
ff02::2 ip6-allrouters
ff02::3 ip6-allhosts

A reboot may be desirable at this stage.Update your system

Check /etc/apt/sources.list to ensure repositories are enabled and remove cdrom from sources.list

vi /etc/apt/sources.list

apt-get update

apt-get upgrade

Remote access with ssh

apt-get install ssh

use ssh to connect to your server.

ssh adminname@192.168.1.15

To log into the admin account on the server without having to enter a password each time, populate the authorized_keys file on the server

ssh-copy-id -i ~/.ssh/id_dsa.pub adminname@192.168.1.15

You can now logon to the server.

ssh adminame@192.168.1.15

Start a root session

sudo -i

Remove some unwanted software

apt-get remove pppoeconf ppp pppconfig

Now to get some software

apt-get install screen defoma fontconfig gawk fileutils unrar-free zip unzip libzzip-0-12 mhonarc fakeroot chrootuid patch ucf openntpd ncftp

apt-get install php5 php5-cli php5-cgi php5-curl php5-gd php5-imap php5-mcrypt php5-mhash php5-pspell php5-recode php5-snmp php5-xmlrpc php5-xsl php-pear php-net-smtp php-net-socket php-xml-parser

When asked about libclient answer no. we want to use maildirs.

apt-get install bind9 bindgraph

apt-get install rrdtool rrdcollect mrtg-rrd librrd2 mrtg libgd-tools mrtg-contrib

Answer no to MRTG user only.
edit mrtg.conf to reflect your web work directory

vi /etc/mrtg.conf

apt-get install libmysqlclient12 libdigest-hmac-perl libdigest-sha1-perl libhtml-parser-perl libhtml-tagset-perl libltdl3 liburi-perl libnet-ip-perl libnet-dns-perl libnet-cidr-lite-perl libmail-spf-query-perl

apt-get install libsocket6-perl

needed for mysql authentication

apt-get install libpam-mysql libnss-mysql

apt-get install postfix postfix-mysql courier-base courier-pop courier-imap courier-authdaemon courier-maildrop courier-authmysql courier-ssl courier-imap-ssl courier-pop-ssl sasl2-bin libsasl2 libsasl2-module

rm /var/spool/postfix/var/run/saslauthd/
ln -s /var/run/saslauthd /var/spool/postfix/var/run

Answer yes for web based configuration files.
Chose Internet site

apt-get install spamassassin spamc

apt-get install clamav-base clamav-daemon php5-clamavlib clamav clamav-freshclam

apt-get install phpmyadmin webalizer awstats squirrelmail sqwebmail amavisd-new amavisd-new-milter

Had some problems with ftp-server, this worked.

aptitude -t ftp-server install pure-ftpd pure-ftpd-common pure-ftpd-mysql

pear install Crypt_CBC Auth_SASL

Some setting up

ln -s /usr/share/php/PEAR /usr/share/pear
ln -s /var/log /etc/apache2/logs
touch /etc/apache2/logs/mod_log_sql-preserve
chown nobody:nogroup /etc/apache2/logs/mod_log_sql-preserve
Set up root user password for MySQL

mysqladmin password mysqlrootpassword

PHP settings

Edit php.ini files.

vi /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini

max_execution_time = 300
memory_limit = 32M
upload_max_filesize = 6M
extension=mysql.so
extension=mysqli.so

then copy to the cgi and cli directories

cp /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini /etc/php5/cgi
cp /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini /etc/php5/cli

Apache configuration

copy the cgi-bin alias from default site to apache2.conf

vi /etc/apache2/apache2.conf

ScriptAlias /cgi-bin/ /usr/lib/cgi-bin/
<Directory "/usr/lib/cgi-bin">
	AllowOverride None
	Options +ExecCGI -MultiViews +SymLinksIfOwnerMatch
	Order allow,deny
	Allow from all
</Directory>

Restart Apache webserver

apache2ctl restart

Add the dtc repository to /etc/apt/sources.list

echo deb ftp://ftp.gplhost.com/debian stable main /etc/apt/sources.list

Update apt

apt-get update

apt-get install mlmmj sbox-dtc libapache2-mod-log-sql-mysql libapache2-mod-log-sql libapache2-mod-log-sql-ssl

Install DTC control panel

For the standard release:

apt-get dtc

For the latest version from cvs:

apt-get install cvs

cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@gplhost.com:/var/lib/cvs login

Password is anoncvs

cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@gplhost.com:/var/lib/cvs checkout dtc

cvs -d :pserver:anonymous@gplhost.com:/var/lib/cvs logout

Now to make DTC package

cd dtc/bin

./makeDebian

Next install the control panel

dpkg -i dtc_0.21.0-0_all.deb

To remove dtc

dpkg -r dtc

To reconfigure dtc

dpkg-reconfigure dtc

Install some traffic loggers

apt-get install mysqmail-postfix-logger mysqmail-courier-logger mysqmail-pure-ftpd-logger

Firewall configuration with Shorewall

apt-get install shorewall

To get phpmyadmin to work I had to edit /etc/phpmyadmin/blowfish_secret.inc.php and add it to /usr/share/phpmyadmin/config.inc.php

Using the control panel

Browse to http://yourdtcdomain.com/dtcadmin

Log in

Select DTC general configuration
Set Use SSL to yes

Using DTC

Set up mail

Select Users Administration ==>dtcdomain ==>Mailboxes

In the login box enter postmaster

Enter a password

for the postmaster username

In the Catch-all dropdown box select postmaster

Select ok

Continue to add emails.

To change account settings select
Admin editor or
Domain config

Adding a database

Select Client interface ==> database

First create a database username with a password

Select create

Create your database with username ==> create
Copyright © 2006 Kevin Davies

Setelah 2 hari kemarin coba cicipin FreeBSD dan menemui kegagalan pada Installasi Xwindow saya beralih lagi ke Ubuntu tercinta kenapa karena di sebabkan dua hal. Untuk melanjutkan proyek FreeBSD aku gak punya CD nya kemarin itu Cd di bawa temenku.Dan yang sudah di install di hardisk mengalami ERROR yang gak jelas.<maklum masih kurang familiar dengan BSD> dan gak ada cara lain untuk tetep memegang linux. Yah aku punya Cd Ubuntu 6.06 LTS terpaksa deh install ubuntu lagi proyek BSD nya di batalin heuhuehh

Sedikit catatan penting mungkin buat aku yang rada pelupa makanya blog ini di update sedemikian mungkin dengan kata kata yang kurang menarik dan isinya juga bagi anda anda yang jago juga kurang menarik

sedikit tip untuk ubuntu :

1.Update Source.list

sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

isikan file di bawah ini

## Use the following sources.list at your own risk.

deb http://kambing.vlsm.org/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://kambing.vlsm.org/ubuntu dapper main restricted universe multiverse

## MAJOR BUG FIX UPDATES produced after the final release
deb http://kambing.vlsm.org/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://kambing.vlsm.org/ubuntu dapper-updates main restricted universe multiverse

## UBUNTU SECURITY UPDATES
deb http://kambing.vlsm.org/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://kambing.vlsm.org/ubuntu dapper-security main restricted universe multiverse

## BACKPORTS REPOSITORY (Unsupported. May contain illegal packages. Use at own risk.)
deb http://kambing.vlsm.org/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
deb-src http://kambing.vlsm.org/ubuntu dapper-backports main restricted universe multiverse
2. Hide Version di Xchat anda

When you click on Server->Hide version this should be printed
irc_hide_version set to: 1
if it says
irc_hide_version set to: 0
then you have to toggle it again. Unfortunately the menu options don´t
always reflect the settings … you could also just
/set irc_hide_version 1

3.Install Flash Player fireFox

download Sourcenya dari : a.http://fpdownload.macromedia.com/get/flashplayer/current/install_flash_player_7_linux.tar.gz b. tar -zxvf install_flash_player_7_linux.tar.gz

c. cd /install_flash_player_7_linux

d. ./flashplayer-installer

e. ikuti option yang di berikan computer anda untuk langkah selanjutnya kemungkin berbeda dengan komputerku

Hal hal di atas aku temukan ketiga googling untuk melengkapi ubuntuku

[edit]

Other resources to learn about urpmi

Urpmi is an important tool for all Mandriva Linux users. It pays to take the time to learn to use it. This page gives you an overview of the most often used options. Below are other resources with more detailed information about urpmi:

• http://www.urpmi.org/ : The home of a good urpmi documentation in French and English.
• man pages: check the man pages for all the options. Those are the most up to date source of information (Remember: they can also be opened in many browsers, just enter: man:urpmi in the addressfield).

Besides a very basic introduction, this page tries to cover what is not already covered in the two above sources of information. We assume that you know how to use a man page and that you have read the above page. Once you have done so, come back to this page: there is more information about not so obvious problems you may run into.

[edit]

Using urpmi

[edit]

Quicklist of common tasks

[edit]

urpmi.addmedia

This is where the whole thing starts. You add an urpmi repository using the urpmi.addmedia command. You can get a list of urpmi sources from the Easy Urpmi page. The format for adding a new repository is something like this:

urpmi.addmedia nameofmedia ftp://ftp.site.com/path/to/Mandriva/RPMS with ../base/hdlist.cz

The Mandriva Linux ftp mirrors should contain:

• main which contains most programs.
• contrib which contains some more optional programs.
• update which is used for correcting security problems. Everyone should have this source configured, even with a very slow internet connection. When adding an update source add the ‘–update’ switch so urpmi can distinguish it from a regular source.

You can use synthesis.hdlist.cz instead of hdlist.cz if your bandwidth is small, but you’ll lose a lot of functionality… For instance, urpmf can’t find files in non-installed packages if you are using synthesis.hdlist.cz.

[edit]

Recovering lost sources (cds)

If you find you do not have all your cds listed as sources, try
urpmi.addmedia –distrib cdrom removable://mnt/cdrom
with cd1 in your drive.

[edit]

Copying CD’s to hard disk and using those as source

If you don’t like juggling CD’s during urpmi sessions and you’ve got some room to spare, make a directory (let’s say: /home/CDS/), copy the base/ and Mandriva/ directories (recursively) from the first install-CD there. Then copy the RPMS2 to RPMS8 directories into the previously created Mandriva/ directory. After removing or disabling the install CD’s as sources do:
urpmi.addmedia –distrib HD file://home/CDS.

This does not work in version 10.1 as the directory structure on the CDs has changed. The directories from which you need to copy all the RPMS now are:

CD1:/media/main
      CD2:/media/main2
      CD3:/Applications
          /Drivers
          /media/commercial
          /media/dkms
          /media/drivers
          /main3
      CD4:/kde3.3
          /media/main4
      CD5:/media/main5
      CD6:/Applications
          /media/main6

After these copies are complete, you can do (as root)

cd /home/CDS (or whatever directory you created)
      genhdlist --dest `pwd`

Then use the media manager in Mandriva Linux Control Center to set up your directory as a source. After that, disable all the cd entries.

An alternate method of copying and mounting the ISO images – which will also work on earlier versions – can be seen at Copy CDs to Hard Drive

[edit]

Copying rpms (including install CDs) to single directory and it as a source

Make a directory, for example /RPMS , to hold all the rpms

To copy a bunch of rpms (from the install cds, for example) :

find /INSTALL_CDS/ -name *.rpm -print -exec cp {} /RPMS ;

If you have copied the install CDs to the hard drive, or have their ISO images on the drive (see Copy CDs to Hard Drive on how to mount them), this can be done in one step.

In this example, the CDs were mounted as /INSTALL_CDS/CD1, /INSTALL_CDS/CD2, etc.

cd /RPMS

genhdlist

It will then create a hdlist.cz file and a sythesis.hdlist.cz file based on what it finds in the directory it is in.

Find the pubkeys for the rpms and copy into /RPMS/pubkey. For ML LE2005, they were in CD1/media/media_info :

mkdir /RPMS/pubkey

cp /INSTALL_CDS/CD1/media/media_info/pubkey* /RPMS/pubkey/

then add the source:

urpmi.addmedia local_rpms  file://RPMS/ with hdlist.cz

This has been known to work well for some, and not so well for others. One problem that happens to some is that when looking at installable rpms using rpmdrake , the information below summary is missing (IE filelist, …).

[edit]

Adding all urpmi sources from a mirror

Currently urpmi is capable of adding all the sources from a chosen media with a single command (e.g. main, contrib, jpackage…). As root type in a console:

urpmi.addmedia –distrib mirror_name- ftp://mirror_site/pub/Mandrakelinux/official/version/i586

[edit]

urpmi.update

The urpmi.update command updates the list of packages from an urpmi repository. This list changes whenever the packages in the server change, so you need to update it whenever you want to install a new package from a changeable repository, like Mandriva Cooker (Be very careful with Cooker packages; they usually do not work on a stable version!). If you are using a repository for a release, those don’t normally change, so you don’t need to update the list whenever you install. It works like this:

urpmi.update nameofmedia

or

urpmi.update -a

The -a argument means “all media”.

[edit]

urpmi.removemedia

If you want to get rid of a repository, this is the command you use. It’s used like:

urpmi.removemedia nameofmedia

[edit]

urpmf

urpmf is, in my experience, the best of the unknown parts of the urpmi package management system. With it you can find any file that you may want, know what package it belongs to, see a description of the package and a bunch of other things.

Suppose, you want to compile an image viewer on your box. You decompress the tarball, and then run the ./configure. Now, the configure script complains about jpeglib.h missing. (*NOTE: IMHO the configure script usully says “jpeg library missing”, so this example is not so relevant) All that you have to do is:
urpmf jpeglib.h

That’d answer with:

libjpeg62-devel:/usr/include/jpeglib.h
mozilla-devel:/usr/include/mozilla-1.4a/jpeg/jpeglib.h

So you know that the jpeglib header file is part of libjpeg62-devel, and can now install it using
urpmi libjpeg62-devel
That saves you a lot of time

Also, you might want to install a mail client, but you don’t know any mail client for linux. So you want to perform a search on the summary of the packages, for terms ‘mail’ and ‘client’. The command
urpmf –summary ‘mail’ -a client returns:

evolution:Integrated GNOME mail client, calendar and address book.
squirrelmail:Squirrelmail is a webmail client for PHP4.
sylpheed-claws:Enhanced version of the Sylpheed e-mail client
comsat:A mail checker client and comsat mail checking server.
cscmail:CSCMail is a GTK email client written in Perl
sylpheed:A GTK+ based, lightweight, and fast e-mail client
tradeclient:Email Client with PIM features for X

The –summary option is used to perform a search on the summary, and the -a switch translates ‘and’.

[edit]

urpmi

This is the main package management command, which you use to install the package you want and all the stuff that it depends on, so you won’t have to go hunting all over the place. It’s used like:

urpmi nameofpackage

For instance, you think that Sylpheed is a good e-mail client because it describes itself as ‘lightweight’. Thus you install it thanks to urpmi sylpheed.

Caveat: doing urpmi nameofpackage usually but not necessarily results in the latest version of that package being installed. Urpmi will check the version number of the package installed to that of the same package in the urpmi source. The exceptions are when a major upgrade of some packages are made available under a slightly different name so that both the old and the new version remain available. It is sometimes necessary to do so for backward compatibility purposes.

Here is a notable example urpmi autoconf will not result in the latest version being installed, for the highest version under that package name is 2.13.
You should do urpmi autoconf2.5 instead, which will give you the latest 2.5*. Note thate on your Mandriva system, both versions should be installed: Mandriva will automatically choose the one that is most appropriate. See /usr/share/doc/autoconf-2.13/IMPORTANT.README.MDK for more information on this particular example.

See several remarks about urpmq –fuzzy below to learn how to avoid such versioning problems.

A typical example of using urpmi is to update your system with the latest security updates/bugfixes.

urpmi.update updates && urpmi --update --auto-select

This example assumes you have an urpmi source called ‘updates’ which was declared to be an ‘update source’ when it was added. Because the contents of update sources change frequently it is necessary to perform urpmi.update to check for new packages. The ‘&&’ characters mean if the first command succeeds, then perform the second command. In the second part of the command the ‘–update’ switch means ‘only search in repositories declared as update sources’, and the ‘–auto-select’ switch means ‘find the latest versions of packages already installed’. Urpmi will list the upgradable packages and ask if you wish to proceed.

If you were to add the ‘–auto’ switch then the entire process will be automated and all upgradable packages will be upgraded without asking for confirmation. If you prefer using a GUI try the Mandriva Update GUI in Mandriva Linux Control Center.

[edit]

urpme

This is the command that uninstalls software from your box. As with urpmi, it works out the dependancies and tells you if any software that’s still installed depends on what you want to uninstall, giving you the chance to abort the procedure or to uninstall the package and those that depend on it. Usage is:

urpme nameofpackage

For instance, Sylpheed is so good that you want to get rid of Evolution, your former e-mail client. You can make some place on your hard drive with urpme evolution.

[edit]

urpmq

urpmq allows you to query the rpm database, so you can find out information about the packages that you have installed or that you can install as well as other things in the database, like what media sources you have configured, like this:

[root@isis root]# urpmq --list-media
contrib
MandrivaClub
club.comm_i586_9.0
cooker
plf

Caveat: when using urpmq to look for packages, make sure you understand the difference between using it with or without the option –fuzzy. You might miss some packages you were looking for if you are not careful. If urpmq finds a package with the exact name than the one you queried, it will return this package only and by default, you will not see other packages which include the same name.

For example:

// Imagine your best pal told you about vegastrike, a cool 3D game.
[root@localhost augustin]# urpmq vegastrike
vegastrike
         // Great! There is a Mandriva package with this exact name!
         // But you don't see other packages which include this name!

// We query again: notice the missing 'e' at the end of the package name.
[root@localhost augustin]# urpmq vegastrik
The following packages contain vegastrik:
vegastrike
vegastrike-data
vegastrike-data-music
          // This time the query result is very different:
          // We see not one but three packages.

// Compare the following query to the previous two.
[root@localhost augustin]# urpmq --fuzzy vegastrike
The following packages contain vegastrike:
vegastrike
vegastrike-data
vegastrike-data-music
          // See the difference that the --fuzzy option makes.

urpmq –fuzzy is also great to see what other available version there may be to a package: sometimes a new major version does not provide full backward compatibiliy. For this reason the newer version will be distributed under a slightly different package name. Now, you are sure not to miss anything.

For example:

[root@localhost augustin]# urpmi mplayer
      // This will NOT install the latest version of mplayer.
[root@localhost augustin]# urpmq --fuzzy mplayer
The following packages contain mplayer:
kmplayer
mplayer
mplayer-fonts
mplayer-gui
mplayer-skins
mplayer1.0
mplayer1.0-gui
mplayerplugin
transcode
xmms-mplayer
      // You see: the new 1.0 release is packaged separately.
      // You have been warned!!

[edit]

Installing a new kernel

Kernels are never upgraded, they are only ever installed. So you will never see your kernel upgraded when you run Mandriva Update. To install a new kernel from the command line :-

# urpmi.update updates     /get the list of available updates from your updates source/
# urpmq --fuzzy  kernel   /list the available kernels /
# urpmi -y kernel  /alternate method to list available kernels/

The following packages contain kernel:
kernel-2.4.22.10mdk
kernel-2.4.22.26mdk
kernel-2.6-source
kernel-2.6.0-0.test5.1mdk
kernel-BOOT-2.4.22.10mdk
kernel-enterprise-2.4.22.10mdk
kernel-enterprise-2.4.22.26mdk
kernel-i686-up-4GB-2.4.22.10mdk
kernel-i686-up-4GB-2.4.22.26mdk
kernel-multimedia-2.4.22.21mm.1mdk
kernel-multimedia-2.4.22.26mm.1mdk
kernel-multimedia-smp-2.4.22.21mm.1mdk
kernel-multimedia-smp-2.4.22.26mm.1mdk
kernel-multimedia-source
kernel-secure-2.4.22.10mdk
kernel-secure-2.4.22.26mdk
kernel-smp-2.4.22.10mdk
kernel-smp-2.4.22.26mdk
kernel-smp-2.6.0-0.test5.1mdk
kernel-source
#urpmi kernel-2.4.22.26mdk  /pick the kernel you want to install/

The new kernel will install in /boot alongside your old kernels. The Lilo configuration will be automatically adjusted to add a new stanza to allow you to boot the old kernel. The default ‘linux’ stanza will boot the new kernel. If you wish you can use the Mandriva Software Install GUI to install a new kernel, but you must run the Mandriva Update GUI first to force an update of the rpm database.

You will notice that one of the packages available is ‘kernel-source’ This is the source code of the most recent kernel available in the update source (in this example 2.4.22.26mdk) You only need to install the kernel source package if you need to compile anything like a device driver (but it can also be handy to search the documentation included in the package). Be sure that you have installed the same version of kernel-source as the kernel you are running, or else the drivers you compile will not work.

[edit]

Using Graphical interfaces

[edit]

rpmdrake

Mandriva offers a set of nice graphical tools to perform the same tasks. See Software management

[edit]

urpmi.setup or (on later versions: gurpmi )

urpmi.setup is a GUI for urpmi.addmedia and urpmi.remove, and it is based on the Easy Urpmi mirror list from www.zarb.org.

[edit]

A question of security

[edit]

What are the security issues

Urpmi must be run as root in order to install the packages. A clever but malicious person could possibly trick a not so clever Mandriva user (I know that all the Mandriva users are clever, but let’s assume that there is one gullible Mandriva user somewhere, just for the sake of the argument) to install a package that looks like a regular package used by many but that contains a Trojan Horse, some evil code. Once installed, the application may unleash some virus, worm or even some spyware… So far, there hasn’t been any news of any such exploit having been attempted, but in a few years time, when GNU/Linux will be the most widely used OS, it is possible that some people would want to try to perform such a feat. Fortunately, they will fail, because a sane concern for security has always been part of the GNU/Linux community. Most packages are signed by the packagers to prove the authenticity. Please see: GnuPG for more details.

Besides a malicious person trying to trick you into installing their malware, what is more likely to happen is that you try to install some package that got corrupted, either during ftp transfer, or because of a scratch on your installation cd… Before installing, urpmi will check the integrity of the package using the MD5 Hash code. See relevant section below for details.

Sometimes, when using urpmi, people end up having rows of:

rpmdb: /var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys: unexpected file type or format
rpmdb: /var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys: unexpected file type or format
rpmdb: /var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys: unexpected file type or format
rpmdb: /var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys: unexpected file type or format
rpmdb: /var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys: unexpected file type or format

rpmdb: /var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys: unexpected file type or format
rpmdb: /var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys: unexpected file type or format
rpmdb: /var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys: unexpected file type or format

It is unclear what the origin of the problem is: maybe the said file got corrupted during an upgrade or when an urpmi process was killed by an impatient user.

The solution is to remove the file rpmdb: /var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys and import the public keys again. See: GnuPG

Q: I’d like to see more information here about importing public keys for urpmi and fixing problems with invalid signatures and stuff. I don’t know enough to add this info myself… –SimonOosthoek

A: Please refer to GnuPG

[edit]

MD5 Hash

The MD5 hash is a code within the rpm that checks whether the rpm is corrupted or not. If for any reason the file is corrupted, rpm (and urpmi) will refuse to install it.

Here is an example that happend to me recently:

[root@localhost augustin]# urpmi kdesdk
rpmdb: /var/lib/rpm/Pubkeys: unexpected file type or format
error: cannot open Pubkeys index using db3 - Invalid
argument (22)
The following packages have bad signatures:
/var/cache/urpmi/rpms/kdesdk-3.1.3-9mdk.i586.rpm: Invalid
signature ((SHA1) DSA sha1 MD5 GPG GPG#70771ff3 NOT OK)
Do you want to continue installation ? (y/N) y
installing /var/cache/urpmi/rpms/kdesdk-3.1.3-9mdk.i586.rpm
error: /var/cache/urpmi/rpms/kdesdk-3.1.3-9mdk.i586.rpm: MD5
digest: BAD Expected(97f2ba5a91888cd3af40f89be6b65868) !=
(393221db35071aa90eaa73816a9a5ba8)
unable to install package
/var/cache/urpmi/rpms/kdesdk-3.1.3-9mdk.i586.rpm

Notice the two lines Invalid signature ((SHA1) DSA sha1 MD5 GPG GPG#70771ff3 NOT OK) and MD5 digest: BAD Expected(97f2ba5a91888cd3af40f89be6b65868) != (393221db35071aa90eaa73816a9a5ba8). The file kdesdk-3.1.3-9mdk.i586.rpm is corrupted and won’t be installed.

The solution is to remove the file from /var/cache/urpmi/rpms/ and download it again. Try again to install it with urpmi.

If it still doesn’t work, it means that your mirror has a corrupted file. Try downloading it manually from two or three other mirrors and save it in the /var/cache/urpmi/rpms/ folder. Always manually remove the previously downloaded file before attempting to use another mirror. Then install it again with urpmi.

It happens that the same corrupted file is mirrored in every ftp server. If you’ve tried several servers and you always run into the same problem, check in a Mandriva user forum or mailing list whether other users have the same problem with the same file. If this is the case, probably a new file will be released soon.

[edit]

Troubleshooting

[edit]

RPM database locked

View of one editor:

As superuser, enter:

killall urpmi urpmi.update urpme rpm urpmi.addmedia
rm -f /var/lib/urpmi/.LOCK /var/lib/rpm/RPMLOCK

If that doesn’t unlock the database, rebooting is always the solution.

Another editor’s view:

This ‘killall…‘ improves the chance of corrupting your RPM database, because you do not allow the process(es) to finish their work on it. Try to be patient, if you decide it really is hanging, make sure that you reboot the elegant way and don’t reset the box, that improves the chance of corruption even more. (BTW ‘su’ is ‘substitute user’).

[edit]

Rebuild your database

If the database becomes inconsistent (an inconsistency can lead rpm to tell you that a “package is already installed” when it is actually not, and vice-versa).

rm -rf /var/lib/rpm/__db*
rpm –rebuilddb

* It is a good idea to regularly back up your /var/lib/rpm directory. Then you can always revert to a previously good database and reinstall the packages that came later with:

rpm -ivh –justdb –noscripts –notriggers

[edit]

The “medium contrib uses an invalid list” error

rm /var/lib/urpmi/list.contrib

This will stop the error from happening without interfering with package installation.

[edit]

Upgrade to the latest Mandriva version using urpmi

Urpmi can also be used to upgrade your box to the a newer version of Mandriva Linux.

[edit]

Cool tricks using urpmi

[edit]

Install from url or localfile

urpmi can be used to install local rpm’s , and then resolve dependencies. For example, you just recompiled or created foo-1.0-1bar.rpm . You can easily use urpmi ./ foo-1.0-1bar.rpm . It even works with http or ftp url (and even with ssh, provided that rsync is installed on both sides).

[edit]

Getting list of deps before installing

By using urpmq , you can find lots of information regarding the rpm. If you use urpmq -d , you get a list of all rpm’s that are needed to install one piece of software. Try urpmq -d bash , to see which rpm’s are required. By adding the -m switch, you will only see the ones not installed on the system at the moment. And with –sources, you will get the sources.

So, with urpmq -d -m –sources , you can easily get a list of url’s that correspond to the rpm you need to get: quite handy if you lack a good connection to the internet.

[edit]

Getting information about an rpm

urpmq -i can give you information about the rpm’s you can install. Try urpmq -i bash . It only works with full hdlists, not with synthesis.

[edit]

Installing other software

Where possible, you should use urpmi to install software, using packages from the correct urpmi sources for your current version of Mandriva Linux. Nearly everything you could want is available, if you have sources defined for contrib and plf: this is a way to avoid a great deal of pain! However, sometimes you may want to install a different package, or a more recent one than is available from the Mandriva sources.

The golden rule is, never bypass the rpm package database, if you can possibly help it, and never install a package forcibly. If you follow this rule, however annoying it may seem, you are guaranteed to never have a system in an inconsistent state. If rpm/urpmi won’t let you install something, there’s usually a good reason!

[edit]

Compiling from source

Instead of the familiar trilogy of:

./configure
make
make install

use checkinstall instead:

./configure
make
checkinstall

You will then get an rpm that can be installed using urpmi, and can also be uninstalled when you want to. If the tarball already includes a good spec file, it is even easier:
rpmbuild -tb ballname.tar.gz

[edit]

Installing binaries such as acrobat reader, or sun’s java

These programs should end up in the /usr/local/ directory. This directory is intended for non-official packages. However, you may wish to add some symlinks if they are not in your $PATH. E.g. /usr/bin/java -> /usr/java/j2re1.4.2_04/bin/java

[edit]

Scripts

I suggest that you keep scripts you write yourself in $HOME/bin. (If this isn’t in your $PATH, add it to your $HOME/.bash_profile ).

[edit]

The Nvidia driver

The nvidia binary driver, if you use it, has its own horrid installer, which breaks all the above rules. The result works fine, but the process is not pleasant!

[edit]

Rebuilding RPMS

If you have an rpm built for a system other than your own, it is possible to rebuild it.

[edit]

RPM package verification

A really useful tool for checking a broken system is to verify the packages against the rpm database.

rpm -Va

This will tell you which packages have changed since you installed them (i.e. it lists all the ways in which your system is inconsistent with the rpm database) For example, if you have a power failure during boot, some files may become corrupt. (Or just if you have done something daft). Knowing this, you can fix your system to be as good as new by re-installing the packages concerned. (This can even be done on an un-bootable system, if you use a rescue CD to boot and fix it.)

To check a single package use rpm -V packagename (name is enough, version numbers etc. can be left out).

To verify one or more package’s proper md5sum, hash and gpg signature: rpm -K foo.123.rpm, or rpm -K foo*

[edit]

Early bird slow

If msec is verifying your system it uses the rpm data ase, but that is done at nice 19, and usually very early in the morning. On a slow box this can take a long time. If ps -e shows msec, rpmv, grep and sort , you can speed up rpmdrake / urpmi by renicing rpmw, grep and sort to 0.

[edit]

Copy CDs to Hard Drive

If you don’t like juggling CD’s during {prog|urpmi}} sessions and you’ve got some room to spare, you can save the ISO images of the CDs to your hard drive and then tell urpmi to use those instead of the real CDs.

To start, make a directory for the ISO images of the CDs:

mkdir /iso

Then copy each of the CDs in:

dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/iso/cd1
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/iso/cd2
dd if=/dev/cdrom of=/iso/cd3
...

Now, make mount points for each of them:

mkdir /mnt/cd1
mkdir /mnt/cd2
mkdir /mnt/cd3
...

and mount them in loopback:

mount -t iso9660 -o loop /iso/cd1 /mnt/cd1
mount -t iso9660 -o loop /iso/cd2 /mnt/cd2
mount -t iso9660 -o loop /iso/cd3 /mnt/cd3
...

Now edit the /etc/urpmi/urpmi.cfg file changing each entry like this:

Installation CD 1 (cdrom1) removable://mnt/cdrom/media/main {
      hdlist: hdlist.Installation CD 1 (cdrom1).cz
      key-ids: 70771ff3
      removable: /dev/hdc
      with_hdlist: ../../media/media_info/hdlist1.cz
    }

to this:

Installation CD 1 (cdrom1) file://mnt/cd1/media/main {
      hdlist: hdlist.Installation CD 1 (cdrom1).cz
      key-ids: 70771ff3
      with_hdlist: ../../media/media_info/hdlist1.cz
    }

In other words, change the ‘removable://mnt/cdrom’ to ‘file://mnt/cd1′ for each of cd1, cd2, cd3, etc. Also, remove the line that reads:

removable: /dev/hdc

[edit]

urpmi –parallel pushes updates to machines in your network

02/03/06 by Dieter this edit is not very nice, someone please improve it. Dieter

Updates are downloaded to one of the machines and then from there pushed to the others of your network.

http://archives.mandrivalinux.com/expert/2006-03/msg00001.php

urpmi –parallel will update all machines you specify. man urpmi for more, also man urpmi.files also read

http://www.happyassassin.net/2005/05/04/a-quick-guide-to-urpmi-parallel
urpmi parallel mode does what it sounds like; you run an urpmi command and it

happens on many machines in parallel. In more detail – the machine you run

the command on tests its result on each machine in the group in turn,

downloads all necessary packages for all machines in the group, distributes

the appropriate packages to each machine, then calls urpmi on the machine to

do the actual installation. It’s brilliant for quickly installing software on

all your machines, or even keeping them all up to date with a couple of

commands, and it saves on bandwidth, as each necessary package is downloaded

only once. The only drawback at the moment is that you cannot include the

server machine in the group, which makes it a little less good for small home

networks.

So how to use it? It’s pretty simple, really. First, make sure you can ssh

from the server to each client machine as root (it’s OK if you have to enter

a passphrase or password, but cooler and less hassle if you set up keys and

use ssh-add so you don’t have to). Now install urpmi-parallel-ssh on the

server machine. Edit /etc/urpmi/parallel.cfg to look something like this

local:ssh:toy:htpc

the first parameter is the name of the group, make this whatever you like.

Leave the second as ssh. The remaining parameters are the hostnames of the

machines in the group; as many as you like (but not the server machine. You

can try it, but urpmi will just fall over its own lock files).
Next step? There is no next step! Now you can use it. On the server machine,

run

urpmi –parallel local somepackage

As long as urpmi on the server has access to all packages required by all

client machines from its urpmi media, everything should now work smoothly.

(The easiest way to ensure this is to have all machines – server and client -

use the same urpmi media).

The other neat trick you can do with this is keep a group of machines

up-to-date. On my home network, which includes zen (the server), toy and

htpc, I run this series of commands on zen to keep all the machines up to

date with Cooker
fanout “localhost toy htpc” “urpmi.update -a”

(fanout runs a single command on several machines at once; it’s useful. Uses

ssh.)
urpmi -auto-select -keep -noclean -v

(noclean keeps the packages on zen after they’ve been installed; this means

when I do the parallel command at the next stage, it doesn’t go out and

download ‘em all again.)
urpmi –parallel local -auto-select -keep -v
…and done. Once Rafael fixes urpmi so the server can be in the parallel

group, it’ll be even simpler.
Posted by adamw in Technical, Mandrakesoft

Also read this

http://forum.mandrivaclub.com/viewtopic.php?p=207623

If you can afford Mandriva Online Pro, you can do it with a Web Interface

http://wwwnew.mandriva.com/en/enterprise/products/corporate_server

Mandriva Online - Professional Level
The professional level of Mandrivaonline enables you to update an entire
computer network through a centralized and automated service. Thanks to a
new web interface, scheduling updates or creating computer groups is
intuitive!

Mandriva Online Pro ( 30 euros per computer per year) seems only available for Corporate Desktop (99 euros) or Corporate Club (minimum 2000 euros).

The closest you could get without paying anything is to set up

urpmi –parallel and set up a cronjob on the master machine to run

urpmi –parallel –auto-select –auto every day…

Some other ways to get updates to all your machines

http://archives.mandrivalinux.com/expert/2006-03/msg00020.php
We’ve got several workstations with Mandriva 2006 in the firm, so I

figured out the best idea for solving the issue of updating and

installing new boxes within the network would be to set up a intranet

mirror of the 2006 tree and updates. I did that and I’m a happy admin ever since.

On 3/2/06, Jim C <jlistnews@gmail.com> wrote

Richard Mollel wrote
 Why even bother with urpmi-parallel?
 A simple script ran from cron for each node....to run
 urpmi.update -a && urpmi --auto --auto-select --media
 update (if media update defined) > /tmp/update.$$ 2>&1
 and mail yourself contents of /tmp/update.$$
Well primarily so that one doesn't wind up downloading the same files
 multiple times to the local net. Unnecessary network traffic is a pain
 for Mandriva.  Of course, I've never been able to get urpmi-parallel to
 work so I might use --noclean and scp the files from machine to machine
 in a script of my own.

Update 03/03/06 by Dieter

I hear you re the urpmi –parallel

Either it doesn’t work – or it’s got some really unobvious quirk to it. I’ve asked here about it, I’ve posted a request on the Mandrake site, I’ve talked to the one guy who’s ever claimed to make it work (the happyassasin link posted earler – he’s still updating the hdlist on each machine, just downloading the rpms once – so it’s only half working) and I’ve emailed the guy at Mandriva who wrote it (he doesn’t answer)

If anybody, ever gets it to really work I’d like to hear from you.

Currently I’m updating one machine using –noclean and then using rpm -Fvh on an NFS share for the rest of my units. I thought about the rsync the entire tree routine, but that would mean I’m syncing a lot of stuff I don’t need or want – still a waste of bandwidth.

Brian
at http://forum.mandrivaclub.com/viewtopic.php?p=207813 Adam Williamson

replied to my question with this:

I think you can use Mandriva Online Pro with any distro, but I should check

with the Online guys to make sure before I put that as a definite. I will

check Smile
I will put a new post on parallel in the tips ‘n’ tricks forums, I guess.

It’s been improved a bit since I wrote that post (the ‘server’ machine can

now be in the parallel group, so you don’t have to update it separately with

urpmi -auto-select -keep -noclean -v . I don’t remember if this improvement

was in 2006 or if it’s only in Cooker, I will have to test).
Adam Williamson

urpmi.addmedia main http://mandrake.mirrors.pair.com/Mandrakelinux/official/2005/i586/media/main with media_info/hdlist.cz
urpmi.addmedia contrib http://mandrake.mirrors.pair.com/Mandrakelinux/official/2005/i586/media/contrib with media_info/hdlist.cz
urpmi.addmedia plf-free ftp://ftp.planetmirror.com/pub/plf/mandriva/free/10.2/i586 with hdlist.cz
urpmi.addmedia –update updates http://mandrake.mirrors.pair.com/Mandrakelinux/official/updates/LE2005/main_updates/ with media_info/hdlist.cz
If you get an error, please check that the mirror is accessible and not over it’s connection limit.
Also, you might want to type urpmi.removemedia -a first, in order to reinitialize urpmi’s setup.

http://mandrivausers.org/easyurpmi/index.php?